Semenggoh Wildlife Centre

   The Semenggoh Wildlife Centre was established in 1975 to care for wild animals which have either been found injured in the forest, orphaned, or were previously kept as illegal pets. The centre is situated within the boundaries of the Semenggoh Nature Reserve, approximately 24 km from Kuching.

    The Centre has been a resounding success, caring for almost 1,000 endangered mammals, birds and reptiles from dozens of different species. However it is the orang utan rehabilitation programme that has made the Centre famous. In one respect, Semenggoh has been too successful – so many orang utan have been successfully reintroduced into the surrounding forest reserve that the forest’s carrying capacity has been reached, and rehabilitation activities have been transferred to the Matang Wildlife Centre, part of Kubah National Park.  

   As a result of its success, Semenggoh’s role has changed and it is nowadays a centre for the study of orang utan biology and behaviour, as well as a safe and natural haven for dozens of semi-wild orang utan, graduates of the rehabilitation programme. It is also home to numerous baby orang utan, born in the wild to rehabilitated mothers.

     A visit to Semenggoh is a once in a lifetime experience is a chance to see semi-wild orang utan, ranging from tiny infants and boisterous adolescents to dignified mature adults, enjoying life in a secure natural habitat. You will really enjoy when you visit the Semenggoh Wildlife Centre.
     The best time to visit Semenggoh is during the morning and afternoon feeding sessions when there is a good chance of seeing semi-wild orang utan returning to the Centre for a free meal. Feeding takes place between 9.00-10.00am and between 3.00-3.30 pm. 
      In addition to the orang utan, visitors will be able to see other endangered species at Semenggoh. The centre’s wildlife population varies, so it is difficult to say exactly what animals you may encounter on your visit. However, the centre has housed a wide range of wildlife, including rescued gibbons, porcupines, crocodiles and river terrapins. In the surrounding forest you will certainly hear the cries of rehabilitated gibbons, as well as the songs of a host of wild bird species. Brightly coloured lizards and various species of squirrel are also frequently encountered.  

Wind Caves

 Gua Angin

      Gua Angin is a natural caves. I is located at Bau, Sarawak.If you are from Kuching city, you only take 45 minutes drive from there. It is on the way to Serikin small town.

          In the history that say, in this cave have human live and also have small river that bring resource of water. Now it been live by "layang-layang bird" and bats. 

        Gua Angin got name because once ago, this cave have tunnel that became pathway to wind come in and out with another pathway.
        In this cave also have a lot enterance but one of the way to the view of Sungai Sarawak but now it close because of technical problem. 

        Stalagmit shape, stalagtit and limestone forming in the caves that been told have form in 60 million years ago. That a lot of the shape but one interesting is head crocodile shape and frame crocodile shape.
        This place have been a picnic place. The tourist can swim at Sungai Sarawak that closet to cave. Its water rapid and it safe to all people to swim in the river. There have fitting room for people to change cloth.

Rainforest World Musical

      Rainforest World Musical Festival is a important event in Sarawak.

       A Jungle Village Musical-  it event that were recognised by Rainforest Musical World. It is unique because it brings the same stage renowned world musicians from all continents and indigenous musicians from the interiors of the mythical island of Borneo. It begins from afternoon in interactive workshops, etnomusical lectures, jamming sessions and mini concerts, followed by evening performances on the main stage has proven to be hit with audience who come from near to far to watch this events.

       This event is perform in three days music celebrate the diversity of the music world. 

       The daytime workshops are held inside various traditional houses in the village, where the performers and leaders of the events are often on the same floor-level as the audience, allowing them to get up close to the performers. There are also no restrictions in communicating with the performers, and the musicians themselves sometimes encourage conversation, especially if it is regarding the topic of the workshop they are running or about the traditional instruments they use. Artists are also not hidden behind barriers at the festival and can seen walking through the site throughout the duration, allowing the audience access to them at any time.

      The book "Music without Borders" written by Heidi Munan, was commissioned by the Tourism Board to commemorate the 10th anniversary. With a limited publication of 5000 copies, this lavish publication featured many interviews and colour photos of the event. However it received criticism for an alleged lack of balance, with only subtle references to shortcomings and no critical commentary on possilbe improvements. Many contrary opinions were supposedly "censored" and anecdotes and energetic contributors from the early years omitted.
     The festival is held in the grounds of the Sarawak Cultural Village nestled against the base of Mount Santubong about 35 km. north of Kuching. The festival runs workshops (mini concerts) in the afternoon followed by evening performances held on the two main stages in the village. The festival usually features from 18 to 20 bands through the weekend.

Orang Ulu races

      Orang Ulu ("remote people") is an ethnic designation politically coined to group together roughly 27 very small but ethnically diverse tribal groups in Sarawak, with a population ranging from less than 300 persons to over 25,000 persons. Orang Ulu is not a legal term and no such racial group exist or listed in the Malaysia Constitution. The term was popularised by a minority association known as "Orang Ulu National Association" (OUNA) that was formed in 1969.

Longhouse Orang Ulu
      All the Orang Ulu tribes except the Penans build houses of similar architecture but the finishing and skill differs widely. The houses are always located close to rivers. The as of the Ibans, are built to accommodate the villagers and were built for as many as one hundred families in the old days. The longhouse is normally supported on stilts made from Berlian or Ironwood which rise some 20 - 30feet high. The roofing was also made of berlian shingles. The apartment each serves one family comprising of the parents, daughters, young sons and female slaves. Normally a small fireplace for cooking and sleeping area makes up the apartment. Its main door opens up into a long gallery which doubles up as the common living and reception room. The long single gallery is marked each 30 feet or so by a fireplace. The main fireplace usually located at the reception area is hung a row of head, charms and talisman. These hearths are kept smouldering all the time. Young bachelors and visitors sleep in the gallery. 

Tattoo

     In Orang Ulu women tattoing contributes to a series of complicated process. Designs can run from the back of hands to thighs, below the knees and on the kneecaps. Tattooing in women can begin early as witnessed at the age of ten the girl will probably have had her fingers and the upper part of her feet tattooed. About a year hiatus, her forearms should have been completed; the thighs the following year and by the fourth year, the tattoos should be completed. Women can only tattoo until she is pregnant, as it is considered inappropriate to tattoo themselves after becoming a mother. The Kayan women believe that tattoos are the torches to the next life and that without these to light them they would remain forever in total darkness.

       The tools used by a tatoo artist consist of two or three prickers, ULANG or ULANG BRANG, and an iron striker, TUKUN or PEPAK, which are kept in a wooden case, BUNGAN. The pigment is a mixture of soot, water, and sugar-cane juice, and it is kept in a double shallow cup of wood, UIT ULANG. The best soot is supposedly obtain ed from the bottom of a metal cooking-pot. The tattoo blocks are commonly carved by men. The artist first dips a piece of fibre from the sugar-palm (ARENGA SACCHARIFERA) into the pigment and, pressing this on to the area to be tattoed, aligns the patterns to be tattoed; along these straight lines the artist tatus the IKOR. Then taking the tattoo designs that are carved on blocks of wood, KELINGE, she smears it with the ink and then impresses on the part to be tattoed between the two lines.

Famous food in Sarawak.

Laksa Sarawak
     Laksa Sarawak made from vermicelli rice noodles and cooked in a shrimp-based broth that is made to thicken with coconut milk.This dish is served with generous amounts of crunchy bean sprouts, a few boiled prawns and garnished with shredded chicken and slivers of egg omelette.  For added spice, there's the thick sambal paste that is usually served on the side. you also can add little lime juice.

Kolo mee 
    Kolo mee are available halal at Malay stall. A hot mee that serve with slice of chicken. It eat with a slice of vineger chille. It also serve with a bowl of hot soup. 

Dabai
      Dabai is a seasonal fruit.  The skin of the fruit is black while the flesh is yellow in colour.  The seed is also yellow and diamond shaped and is also edible if you can crack it open.  The Dabai is a hard fruit but when you soaked for 10-15 minutes in semi hot water with a bit of salt, it becomes soft and edible and the texture becomes like dates. 

Ikan Terubuk
       The numerous waterways provide the people with an abundance of fresh water fish like the Tilapia, which incidentally is the most widely cultivated.  it's no surprise then that some of the popular Sarawakian dishes also include these 'gifts' from the sea.  The salted ikan terubok is sold in markets around Sarawak.

 Cake lapis.
    Sarawakian modern layered cakes can be divided into two categories: cakes with ordinary layers and cakes with patterns, motifs, or shapes. All must have at least two colors. The cake can be baked in an oven or microwave. The batter uses butter or vegetable oil, milk and eggs, and requires a strong arm or electric mixer to be properly prepared. The baked cake has a high, firm texture and the layers are fastened together with jam or a similarly sticky sweet substance. More detailed cakes often require special moulds to maintain the perfect layer thickness.

Niah Cave National Park

     Niah cave are located at Batu Niah at Miri. this cave also locate at Gunung Subis. It also call as Great Cave because it have a large of limestone black and it about a kilometer in general north to south direction. 

     This cave very important because the archaeology have found that human have lives there between 40000 years ago. This is very oldest human that been recorded in Sarawak. More recent studies published in 2006 have shown evidence of the first human activity at the Niah caves from ca. 46,000 to ca. 34,000 years ago. Painted Cave, situated in a much smaller limestone block of its own, some 150 metres from the Great Cave block's south eastern tip, has rock paintings dated as 1,200 years old.The caves are also well known for the bird nest industry. It is a popular tourist destination in Sarawak. Archeologists have claimed a much earlier date for stone tools found in the Mansuli valley, near Lahad Datu in Sabah, but precise dating analysis has not yet been published. 

       Items found at Niah Cave include Pleistocene chopping tools and flakes, Neolithic axes, adzes, pottery, shell jewellery, boats, mats, then iron tools and ceramics and glass beads dating to the Iron Age. The most famous find is the human skull dated at around 38,000 years BCE. Painted Cave has paintings and wooden coffin 'death ships'.Niah National Park was 31.4 km² when it was gazetted in 1974.
       Niah National Park is located on the Sungai (River) Niah, about 3 km from the small town of Batu Niah, 110 km south-west of Miri. The park was first gazetted as a National Historic Monument in 1958, and in 1974 some 3,100 hectares of surrounding rainforest and limestone hills were included, to form Niah National Park. The park has a visitor centre and good accommodation, and is very easy to get around, thanks to an extensive network of plankwalks to and throughout the caves. A torch (flashlight) and good walking shoes are absolutely essential - the caves are unlit, and the plankwalk can become slippery from the constant dripping of water from the ceiling of the cave. A wide-brimmed hat is desirable, for obvious reasons.

Benak Festival

Benak festival is very popular events in Sarawak.

        This festival are held at Sri Aman. The venue is at Sungai Batang Lupar. They held at the river because Unique Tidal Bore Phenomena.

           The Festival is to promote harmony among local community and to introduce Sri Aman town through tourism. Tidal Bore or locally known as Benak accurs everyday with different warelenght and heights. During spring tide, tidal bore with high magnitudes can be observed clearly. The Benak continues its journey another 30km inland, ending near the small village of Engkilili in Sri Aman.

        It wavelength sometimes can sink a boat. A lot activities was held during Benak festival. Like pam boat, boat power horse 40, tidal bore surfer and many more activities was held during the festival. 

      Sri Aman is a market town and port and the capital of Sri Aman District and Sri Aman Division in Sarawak, East of Malaysia,and was formerly name Simanggang. It take time 3 to 4 hours drive from Kuching town to Sri Aman town. 

  

Iban races.

Iban

    Most of Iban people lives at near of river, and even at the beach. They call it as Sea Dayak. Almost all Iban people are lives at area Sarawak and small portion are lives at Sabah. They very famous in practisingin headhunting and tribal expansion and have fearsome reputation as strong and successful warring tribe in accident times.

     The Ibans were unfortunately branded for being pioneers of headhunting. Headhunting among the Ibans is believed to have started when the lands occupied by the Ibans became over-populated. In those days, before the arrival of western civilization, intruding on lands belonging to other tribes resulted in death. Confrontation was the only way of survival.

    The Iban religion can be as briefly summarized as follows: The supreme God is called Bunsu or Kree Petara, sometimes also called as Raja Entala or even Tuhan Allah Taala in modern times. The main seven petaras of Iban Dayaks who are the children of Raja Jembu are:
      1.Sengalang Burong as the god of the war.
      2.Biku Binsu Petara as the high priest
      3. Sempulang Gana as the god of argiculture along with Semagurah as the god    of the land.
      4.Selempandai as the god of creation.
      5. Menjaya as the god of health and shamanism being the first manang bali
      6. Anda Mara as the god wealth.
      7.Ini Inee/Andan as the god of justice and a natural-born doctor.
     Iban have a lot celebration of Gawai such as:
     Rice farming is the key life-sustaining activity among Dayaks and thus there are many ritual festivals dedicated to this namely Gawai Lama(Whetstone Festival), Gawai Benih (Seed Festival), Gawai Ngalihka Tanah (Soil Reactivation Festival),Gawai Mengemali Umai  (Farm-healing Festival), Gawai Matah (Harvest-starting Festival) and Gawai Bersimpan (Rice-Keeping) Festival.
     The rice planting stages start from manggol (ritual initial clearing to seek good omen using a birdstick (tsmbsk burong), nebas babas (clearing undergrowth), nebang kayu (felling trees), ngerangkaika reban (drying out trees), nunu (burning), ngebak and nugal (clearing unburnt tress and dibbling), mantun (weeding), ngetau (harvesting), nungku (separating rice grains), muput (winding), nyembi padi (drying rice grains) and besimpan (rice keeping).
      The war-related festivals include the bird festival (Gawai Burung) with nine succeeding stages is Gawai Kenyalang (Hornbill Festival) which is meant to pray and propitiate Sengalang Burong for guidance and assistance during the headhunting expeditions. Since headhunting has been prohibited and ceased, the bird festival can be used for magical healing purposes and to be held as Gawai Mimpi (Dream Festival) when told by spirits to do so. Miring will be held after the of the family member have dream it.
       The Gawai Burung (the bird festival) is held in honour of the war god, Sengalang Burong (Sengalang the Bird which is in reality the Brahminy Kite). This festival is initiated by a notable individual from time to time and hosted by individual longhouses. It originally honours warriors, but during more peaceful times evolves into a healing ceremony.
       The health-related festivals are Gawai Sakit (Sickness Festival), sakit sugi and sakit renong to seek magical healing by Sengalang Burong, Menjaya or Ini Inee and Keling. Before employing these healing festivals, there are various types of pelian (healing ceremony) by a manang (traditional healer), pucau (short prayers) and begama (touching) by a dukun to be tried first. Two more festivals related to health and longivity are Gawai Betamabah Bulu (Hair Adding Festival) and Gawai Nanga Langit (Sky Staircasing Festival).
     The luck-related festivals include Gawai Pangkong Tiang Rumah (House Main Post Banging Festival), Gawai Tuah with three successive stages (Luck Seeking and Welcoming Festival) and Gawai Tajau (Jar Welcoming Festival) to pray and to invoke Raja Anda Mara.
     After death, the last ritual is called the spirit festival Gawai Antu to give last respect to the dead person.
     For marriages, sometimes the wedding ceremony is called Gawai Lelabi (River Turtle Festival). Here the god invoked is Selampandai for fertility and procreation purposes.

     Iban music is percussion-oriented. The Iban have a musical heritage consisting of various types of- A gung ensemble percussion ensembles composed of large hanging, suspended or held, bossed/knobbed gong which act as drones without any accompanying melodic instrument. They dance ngajat in all Gawai festival.
   

Traditional food in Sarawak.

In Sarawak, there have a lot of traditional food that come from many religion in Sarawak.
 Iban

This traditional food Iban people. They call it "Ayam Pansuh". This food in the bamboo. this dish prepare with chicken and stuff with water (it will become soup later). It add with seasoning and tapioca leaves. Iban people always prepare this dish when it Gawai Dayak Day. It is delicious and when you eat it you are really enjoy when you eat it.
Melanau

         Umai is dish that come from Melanau. This food made from fresh non-cook fish. Umai must be clean first with plain of water. After that, it mix with red onion, big onion, cilli, lime, ginger, and another ingredient. This food are really delicious and you will really enjoy eating it. It is spicy and little sour. it more good if you eat with plain rice.
Linut

          Linut is dish also come from Melanau. It made from fresh sagu that came from sagu tree. Ingredient in sagu is must have sagu and hot water. This linut always eat with "belacan".

Mount Santubong.

Mount Santunbong is the state of Sarawak.It located at about 35 km from the Kuching city.But on the clear or early morning in highest place you can see this mount in the north of state of Kuching city.It also surrounding area of tourist attraction.

          According to a legend of Sarawak, it say two of beautiful woman was came down from the heaven. That princess name is Puteri Santubong and Puteri Sejinjang. In skill, Puteri Santubong are expert in weaker and Puteri Sejinjang are excellent in rice tresher. But when war two war broke between two villages, Kampung Pasir Puteh and Kampung Pasir Kuning, the King of Heaven sent the princesses to keep the village peace.The villagers saw beautiful princesses and they decide to stop the war. After the war, the princesses taught the villagers their expertise and both villagers began to trade becomes prosperous. Many princes have hear the beautiful of the princesses and they came to marry to the princesses but the princesses denied to marry with them. One day, a handsome prince has come purpose one of the princess to marry with him. But both of the princess have fall in love with that prince. Both of that princesses have fight each other. Puteri Santubong threw her weaker to Puteri Sejinjang and hitting her head. but Puteri Sejinjing swung her tresher which hit cheek of Puteri Santubong. To end the fighting, the King of Heaven have cursed both of the princesses and their became a mount. Puteri Santubong became Santubong mount and Puteri Sejinjang become Sejinjang mount.Its is say that the both mountains resembles woman lying on their back and the crack on mount Santubong was the scar on the Puteri Santubong.  

   The entrance to the trail have been controlled by private company. This because they want maintain and collect rubbish than left by visitor on the mountain. They charge the per person is RM8 and issue  certificates for additional fees.All the parks in Sarawak were managed Sarawak Nature Reverse as provided for under National Parks and Nature Reverse Ordinance, 1998 Sarawak.
        For climber, you climb this mount take 3 to 4 hours to reach the summit and slightly less to descend again. The climber must take plenty of water to drink and some food with you while climbs this mount. A BBQ has been built at the top but at 3pm you must descend back in daylight to avoid stepping snake that cross path sometimes. A very lucky climbers maybe rewarded with they have a chance to see a rare hornbills with cream, yellow and black in color. These hornbills are white and black in color.  
 

Introduction

Hai... My name is Gloria anak Stephen. This my assignment for BC101. I would introduces interesting place in Sarawak.

      Sarawak is the one of state Borneo Island.It is known as Bumi Kenyalang ( land of Hornbill ). Sarawak is situated on the northwest of the island, bordering the Malaysian state of Sabah to the northeast, Indonesia to the south, and surrounding Brunei. It is the largest Malaysian state.            
       The eastern seaboard of Borneo was charted, though not settled, by the Portuguese in the early 16th century. The area of Sarawak was known to Portuguese cartographers  as Cerava. During the 17th century, Sarawak was self-governed under Sultan Tengah. By the early 19th century, Sarawak had become a loosely governed territory under the control of theBruneiSultanate. During the reign of Pangeran Indera Mahkota in 19th century, Sarawak was facing chaos.Sultan Omar AliSaifuddin II  (1827–1852), the Sultan of Brunei, ordered Pangeran Muda Hashim in 1839 to restore order and it was during this time that James Brooke arrived in Sarawak. Pangeran Muda Hashim initially requested assistance in the matter, but Brooke refused. In 1841, Brooke paid another visit to Sarawak and this time he agreed to provide assistance. Pangeran Muda Hashim signed a treaty in 1841 surrendering Sarawak and Sinian to Brooke. On 24 September 1841, Pangeran Muda Hashim bestowed the title Governor to James Brooke. He effectively became the Rajah of Sarawak and founded the White Rajah Dynasty of Sarawak, later extending his administration through an agreement with the Sultan of Brunei. Sarawak was thus an independent kingdom from 1841 until 1888, when the state was placed under British protection.
      James Brooke was appointed Rajah by the Sultan of Brunei on 18 August 1842. Brooke ruled the territory, later expanded, across the western regions of Sarawak around Kuching until his death in 1868. His nephewCharles Anthony Johnson Brooke  became Rajah after his death; he was succeeded on his death in 1917 by his son,Charles Vyner Brooke, with the condition that Charles should rule in consultation with his brother Bertram Brooke.The Sarawak territories were greatly enlarged under the Brooke dynasty, mostly at the expense of areas nominally under the control of Brunei. In practice Brunei had only controlled strategic river and coastal forts in much of the lost territory, so most of the gain was at the expense of Muslim warlords and of the de facto independence of local tribes.
     Sarawak was officially granted independence on 22 July 1963, and joined with Malaya, Sabah, and Singapore, in the federation of Malaysia formed on 16 September 1963, despite the initial opposition from parts of the population. Sarawak was also a flashpoint during the Indonesian Confrontation between 1962 and 1966.